Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing is unchanged with pancreatitis: the old lifestyle and diet will remain a thing of the past, because the basis for the treatment of pancreatitis is an almost eternal diet.The pancreas does not forgive mistakes in nutrition, responding immediately with pain and digestive disorders.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease;it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to the destruction of the liver and gall bladder, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe nutritional disorders - prolonged fasting, diet for the purpose of weight loss.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of unconsciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or aching in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- bowel irregularities, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- sudden weight loss.
For acute pancreatitis, you are usually hospitalized.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor.Self-medication in case of pancreatitis is dangerous due to the development of complications, including pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of the gland tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis
Therapy with drugs, enzymes and diets for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor, based on the patient's condition and test data.However, the general principles of dietary correction always remain roughly the same.They give rest to the digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Food for pancreatitis is very limited - most of the usual foods will have to be forgotten.You should eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2.5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep.But the portions should be small in volume - about 200-250 g, especially the first time after an aggravation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all are eaten pureed.Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you must chew the food thoroughly.
Since the whole body suffers due to insufficient supply of nutrients during pancreatitis,it is necessary to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which put a lot of strain on the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible.Carbohydrates are given about 300 g per day, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a juice effect are removed from the diet - meat and fish juices, cabbage juice and stew;for the duration of a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
If you have pancreatitis, you should drink more fluids -It is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, taking 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour throughout the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis it is necessary to completely stop smoking and alcohol.They are the most powerful provocateurs of seizures.
What should be excluded?
The list of banned products will become quite impressive and can be overwhelming at first.However, without respecting these restrictions, relief can take a very long time.Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of proper nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of worsening of the chronic process, you should exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage and borsch soup, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, the juices themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- internal organs - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- canned foods;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, sturgeon, carp);caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- side dishes with millet, corn, barley, beans;
- Cabbage, turnips, radishes, rutabagas, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and bell peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, blueberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- hot chips, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (only still);
- tea and strong coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh breads and pastries, pancakes, pies, shortbread.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but this is only for the duration of an acute process.Then you can gradually expand your diet a little, but almost forever you will have to forget about annoying and "heavy" dishes.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the list of prohibitions.Of course, the diet is not very diverse, but it is aimed at maintaining rest for the pancreas and relieving inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dry bread, crackers;
- vegetable soup, noodles;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, patties, meat purees;
- boiled fish fillet (low fat), baked fish, omelette;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and soft cheese, kefir;
- vegetable oils and butter (in porridge);
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - semolina, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- ripe fruits without sugar (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rose decoction, herbal teas, bran drinks.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in agreement with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the deterioration subsides;in the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food is prescribed.When planning your diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are approximately equal in calorie content and digestive load.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
The first day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
The second day
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot soufflé - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of compote with dried fruits.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: apple sauce - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, cheese sandwich (30 g of cheese, a piece of toast), weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
The third day
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, minced in puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
The fourth day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, mashed carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelette - 100 g, sweet baked apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
The fifth day
- Breakfast: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlets - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose stew - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pieces.
- Afternoon snack: ripe fruit - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
If you follow your doctor's recommendations, strictly follow the diet and follow all the instructions, you can quickly achieve relief.But a fairly strict diet with restrictions on "heavy" foods will last from 3 to 6 months.And then you will have to constantly limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned foods.